Core Semiconductor Processes : Step 9 of 11

Ion
Implantation
Services

At Nanosystems JP Inc., we offer precision doping for SiC MOSFETs, GaN HEMTs, IGBTs, Ga₂O₃ power devices, and advanced MEMS. Implant energies from 5 keV to 8 MeV, high-temperature implantation to 600°C, 60+ dopant species, pre-implant simulations, and rapid thermal annealing to 1800°C, all in one integrated flow.

SiC MOSFETGa₂O₃ GaN HEMT IGBT High-temp 600°C RTA 1800°C 60+ dopants 5 keV – 8 MeVup to 300mm Pre-implant simulation
600°C
Max implant
temperature (SiC/GaN)
1800°C
RTA max
temperature
60+
Dopant species
available
300mm
Max wafer
diameter
Typical sequence
Etching Deposition Implant RTA CMP
Nine Key Capabilities
Precision implantation for
every device type

Our ion implantation service is built around power device requirements, particularly the demanding needs of SiC and GaN, where standard room-temperature implantation is insufficient for proper crystal activation.

🌡️

High-Temperature Implantation

SiC and GaN require elevated substrate temperatures during implantation to prevent amorphisation and preserve crystal structure. We offer substrate heating to 600°C, essential for SiC MOSFET well implants and GaN HEMT isolation.

Up to 600°C SiC substrates GaN-on-Si / GaN-on-SiC
⚗️

Broad Dopant Selection

Over 60 dopant species available, covering all major n-type, p-type, and co-implant requirements across Si, SiC, GaN, GaAs, and Ga₂O₃. Rare species including Ca, Ba, La, Fe, Cr, and Sn available for advanced research and specialized device structures. Enquire for species not listed.

N H O P C As Ge Al Mg Si In Ca Ba He La Sn Cl B Ga Fe Cr + more 60+ species - enquire for others
📐

Versatile Wafer Compatibility

From small chips and 2-inch research samples to full 300mm production wafers. Handles all standard semiconductor substrates including Si, SiC, GaN, GaAs, InP, Ga₂O₃, sapphire, and glass. Tilt angles from 0° to 60° for channelling suppression or controlled channelling implants.

Chips & small pieces 2″ to 300mm wafers Si · SiC · GaN · GaAs · InP · Ga₂O₃ Tilt 0°–60°
🔥

Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA)

Post-implant activation annealing to 1800°C under Ar and N₂ atmospheres. Essential for activating Al, N, and B dopants in SiC, the highest-temperature step in power device fabrication.

Up to 1800°C Ar / N₂ atmosphere SiC activation anneal
💻

Pre-Implant Simulations

SRIM/TRIM or TCAD simulations before every implant run. We model dopant distribution, peak concentration, straggle, and damage profiles to confirm your doping requirements are achievable before any wafers are processed.

SRIM/TRIM simulation Dopant profile modelling Damage estimation
🧊

Carbon Cap Processing

Carbon cap deposition before high-temperature annealing prevents silicon evaporation and step bunching from SiC surfaces. Essential for maintaining sub-nm surface roughness (low RMS) after 1400°C+ anneals.

Carbon cap deposition Pre-anneal surface protection Low RMS surface finish

High-Energy & High-Concentration H

High-energy hydrogen implantation for layer separation (Smart Cut™-type processes), hydrogen-induced defect engineering, and high-concentration H for direct wafer bonding and SOI preparation. High-energy H⁺ isolation implant also used for VCSEL current aperture definition in photonic device fabrication.

High-energy H High-concentration H VCSEL isolation Layer separation / Smart Cut
🔌

Power Device Optimisation

Process parameters optimized specifically for power semiconductor device fabrication, not standard CMOS profiles. Our engineers understand the unique electrical requirements of blocking junctions, channel implants, and ohmic contacts in SiC and GaN.

SiC MOSFET GaN HEMT IGBT / Bipolar
📊

Post-Implant Characterisation

Electrical and physical verification after implantation, available as part of the service flow. Four-point probe sheet resistance measurement confirms implanted dose uniformity across the wafer. Particle inspection and surface contamination checks included. SIMS depth profiling for dopant distribution confirmation on request. Process data reported with every lot before wafer release.

4-point probe Sheet resistance mapping Dose uniformity Particle inspection SIMS on request Data with every lot
Dopant Species
60+ dopant species -
the broadest selection available

From standard n-type and p-type dopants for silicon to specialized implants for SiC activation and compound semiconductor isolation, all available. Enquire for additional species.

Available Dopants
N, H, O, P, C, As, Ge, Al, Mg, Si, In, Ca, Ba, He, La, Sn, Cl, B, Ga, Fe, Cr + more

Color coding: Key power device dopants   Compound semiconductor dopants   Standard & specialty

N
Nitrogen
SiC n-type well, GaN n-type layer isolation
Al
Aluminium
SiC p-type well, body region of SiC MOSFET
P
Phosphorus
Si n-type source/drain, lightly doped drain
As
Arsenic
Si/GaAs n+ source/drain, shallow junction
Ge
Germanium
Pre-amorphisation, SiGe strain engineering
Si
Silicon
GaN/GaAs n-type doping, deep junction
Mg
Magnesium
GaN p-type doping for p-GaN gate layer
In
Indium
InGaN well, InP n-type, channel engineering
H
Hydrogen
Layer transfer, passivation, Smart Cut™
He
Helium
Carrier lifetime control, defect engineering
O
Oxygen
SIMOX (buried oxide), substrate isolation
C
Carbon
SiGe:C transistors, diffusion suppression
Sn
Tin
SnO₂ TCO doping, isoelectronic trap
Ca
Calcium
Research implants, oxide modification
Ba
Barium
Gate dielectric engineering, research
La
Lanthanum
High-k dielectric modification, CMOS
Cl
Chlorine
Gate oxide passivation, interface trap reduction
B
Boron
Si p-type well, PMOS source/drain
Ga
Gallium
Si p-type, GaAs doping, research
+more
Other species
Contact us for availability of additional dopants
Device-Specific Flows
Implantation processes optimized
for power semiconductor devices

Ion implantation for SiC and GaN devices requires fundamentally different process parameters than standard CMOS. Our flows are tuned for the high-temperature requirements and precise doping profiles these devices demand.

SiC MOSFET

Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET: 4H-SiC

SiC MOSFETs require multiple implant steps at elevated temperatures because room-temperature implantation creates amorphous damage layers that cannot be recovered by annealing. Hot implantation (400–600°C) maintains crystallinity through each step.

1
N-well / drift layer definition: Nitrogen (N) implant at 400–600°C for n-type background doping
Post-implant verification
Sheet resistance, dose uniformity, particle scan
4-point probe mapping and surface inspection; SIMS profiling on request
2
P-body implant: Aluminium (Al) implant at 400–600°C, defines the channel and blocking junction
3
N+ source implant: Nitrogen (N) high-dose implant for ohmic source contact
4
P+ ohmic contact implant: Al high-dose for p-side ohmic contact formation
5
Carbon cap + RTA at 1400–1800°C: Activates all implanted dopants; carbon cap prevents surface degradation
CRITICAL ADVANTAGE

High-temperature implantation (600°C) + carbon cap + 1800°C RTA in one coordinated flow, not available as a piecemeal service elsewhere.

GaN HEMT

Gallium Nitride HEMT, GaN-on-Si / GaN-on-SiC

GaN HEMT fabrication uses ion implantation primarily for device isolation, a fluorine or nitrogen implant converts conducting GaN into semi-insulating material, defining the active device area without mesa etching (which improves device reliability).

1
Mesa isolation by implant: N+ or multi-energy implant creates deep isolation without etching-induced surface damage
2
Mg p-GaN gate implant: Magnesium implant for p-GaN gate layer in enhancement-mode (E-mode) HEMT
3
Si n-type ohmic regions: Silicon implant defines n+ contact regions for source/drain ohmics
4
Post-implant activation anneal: RTA at 700–1000°C in N₂ atmosphere to activate Mg p-type dopants
KEY DIFFERENTIATOR

Implant isolation eliminates the reliability issues of dry-etched mesa sidewalls, a best-practice approach for high-voltage GaN power devices.

Also Supported
IGBT & Silicon Power Devices

Standard and power silicon device implantation flows, p-well, n-well, n+ emitter, p+ collector implants for IGBT structures. Also: base and emitter implants for bipolar transistors, LDMOS source/drain/body, and deep n-well for CMOS isolation.

IGBT
P+ collector, N-drift, P-body, N+ emitter, full IGBT implant flow
LDMOS
P-body, N+ drain, P+ body contact, for RF and power management
BIPOLAR
Base, emitter, buried layer, for BJT and HBT device structures
Pre-Implant Simulations
Simulate before
you implant

Every implant run at Nanosystems JP Inc. is preceded by a detailed simulation of the doping profile. This catches problems before wafers are processed, saving time and cost on expensive SiC and GaN substrates.

What we simulate

SRIM/TRIM + TCAD
dopant profile modelling

Peak dopant concentration vs depth
Longitudinal straggle (ΔRp)
Lateral straggle for mask edge effects
Damage profile, amorphisation check
Multi-energy box profile design
Multiple implant step optimisation
Simulation report provided before first wafer is processed. Enables you to confirm your doping requirements match the equipment's achievable range.
Rapid Thermal Annealing
RTA to 1800°C SiC activation

The activation anneal is the final, and most demanding, step in the power device implant flow. We provide integrated RTA so your implanted wafers never leave the cleanroom between implant and anneal.

1800°C
Max RTA temperature
Ar / N₂ atmosphere
Standard silicon activation: 900–1100°C. SiC dopant activation: 1400–1800°C. GaN Mg activation: 700–1000°C. All handled in the same RTA system.
Si / IGBT
900–1100°C, N₂, B, P, As activation
GaN HEMT
700–1000°C, N₂, Mg p-type activation
SiC MOSFET
1400–1800°C, Ar + C cap, Al, N activation
Technical Specifications
Complete ion implantation
process parameters
ParameterSpecificationNotes
Wafer sizesChips & small pieces to 300mm wafersNon-standard sizes on request
Substrate materialsSi, SiC, GaN, GaAs, InP, Ga₂O₃, Sapphire, Glass, InGaAsAll standard semiconductor substrates including ultra-wide bandgap
Implant temperatureRoom temperature to 600°C (hot implantation)600°C required for SiC/GaN to prevent amorphisation
Dopant speciesN, H, O, P, C, As, Ge, Al, Mg, Si, In, Ca, Ba, He, La, Sn, Cl, B, Ga, Fe, Cr + more60+ species available; enquire for others
Dose range1×10¹⁰ to 1×10¹⁷ cm⁻²Multiple energies for box profiles; high-dose ohmic and threshold adjust both supported
Energy range5 keV – 8 MeVMedium current: 5–700 keV; high energy: up to 8 MeV (ion species dependent)
Tilt angle0° – 60°Suppresses channelling for standard implants; controlled channelling available for deep retrograde profiles
Pre-implant simulationSRIM/TRIM dopant profile modelling includedProfile report before processing
RTA max temperature1800°CAr and N₂ atmospheres
Post-implant verificationSheet resistance (4-probe), dose uniformity, particle countReturned with wafer and process data report
Beam parallelism±0.5° or betterCritical for sub-micron device uniformity; parallel beam architecture
Carbon cap processingAvailableRequired for SiC anneals >1400°C
SiC activation anneal1400–1800°CAl and N activation for SiC MOSFET wells
GaN activation anneal700–1000°CMg p-type activation for GaN p-gate
Surface roughnessLow RMS achieved with carbon cap processCritical for gate oxide quality on SiC
Applications
Where our ion implantation
is being used

SiC Power MOSFETs

Complete implant flow for 4H-SiC MOSFET fabrication, p-body, n+ source, p+ ohmic, plus 1800°C activation RTA with carbon cap. For EV inverters, industrial drives, and solar converters.

N, Al, P implant · 600°C hot implant · 1800°C RTA
📡

GaN HEMT & Power Devices

Implant isolation, Mg p-type gate, Si n-type ohmic contacts. E-mode (enhancement mode) GaN transistors for 5G RF and automotive power conversion.

N isolation · Mg p-gate · Si n-ohmic · RTA 700–1000°C
🔲

IGBT & Bipolar Devices

P+ collector, N-drift, P-body, N+ emitter implants for IGBT fabrication. Base and emitter implants for bipolar transistors used in automotive and industrial power systems.

B, P, As implant · 900–1100°C RTA
🧲

MEMS Sensors & Actuators

Piezoresistor implants for pressure sensors (boron in silicon), buried p+ stops for SOI MEMS, sacrificial layer doping, and polysilicon gate doping for capacitive sensors.

B piezoresistor · P n-well · SOI buried stop
🔄

SOI & Layer Transfer

High-energy, high-concentration H implantation for Smart Cut™-type SOI substrate preparation. Hydrogen bubble layer formation at precise depth for layer separation and wafer bonding.

H high-energy · High-concentration H · Layer transfer
💎

Compound Semiconductor Devices

GaAs and InP device isolation by implantation, HBT base/emitter doping, InGaAs channel implants for photodetectors, and GaN-on-Si substrate engineering.

GaAs/InP isolation · HBT doping · InGaAs engineering
Why Nanosystems JP Inc.
What makes our ion implantation
capability different

Most foundries offer standard room-temperature silicon implantation. What sets us apart is our ability to handle the complete power device implant flow, including the high-temperature steps and post-implant annealing that SiC and GaN devices demand.

01

Hot implantation for SiC/GaN

600°C substrate heating during implantation, a capability most foundries lack. Without it, SiC MOSFET fabrication produces amorphous damage layers that cannot be activated regardless of anneal temperature.

02

1800°C RTA

The highest-temperature process step in SiC device fabrication is performed in our own facility. No need to ship wafers between vendors for the implant and activation anneal steps.

03

60+ dopants ready immediately

We stock over 60 dopant species including rare ones (Ca, Ba, La, Cl) not available at standard foundries. No lead time to source new dopant materials.

04

Pre-implant simulation included

Every project includes a simulation run, not as an extra charge but as standard. This is how we guarantee your target doping profile is achievable before a single wafer is loaded.

05

From 1 wafer, no minimum lot

Power device R&D and prototyping doesn't need 25-wafer lots. We process single wafers and small batches, making us accessible for academic research, startups, and low-volume production alike.

06

Integrated with full process flow

Ion implantation is followed directly by our etching, deposition, CMP, and bonding services. No cross-vendor handling, no contamination risk, no project coordination overhead.

Next in your fabrication flow

CMP & Wafer Grinding: After ion implantation and RTA, chemical mechanical polishing planarises the surface, removing the carbon cap layer and preparing for subsequent metallisation and contact formation.

CMP & Grinding →
Also frequently combined with

Annealing: For dopant redistribution, oxide densification, and ohmic contact formation after implantation. Furnace annealing for longer anneal times and batch processing.

Annealing →

Start your project.
Response within 1 business day.

Share your process requirements, substrate, and production volume, A Nanosystems JP Inc. engineer will respond within 1 business day. Full quote typically within 7–10 business days, subject to project complexity and NDA requirements.

[email protected] · +81-3-5288-5569 · NDA available · Pre-implant simulation included with every project

All Services
Full process flow →
Substrates
🔷 Substrate & WafersSi, SiC, GaN, glass, sapphire 🔬 Fused Silica WafersQuartz · borosilicate · low CTE 🟣 PI Film & SUS Sensor FabRoll-to-roll · sensor patterning
Front-End
🎭 Mask FabricationGDS to chrome mask, DRC 💡 PhotolithographyE-beam 20nm to 500×600mm 🔬 NanoimprintingUV & thermal NIL 🔵 Thin Film DepositionPVD, CVD, ALD, MBE ⬆️ LiftoffMetal pattern · shadow mask ⚡ ElectroplatingCu TSV fill, DPC, LIGA ⚗️ EtchingICP-RIE, DRIE >50:1 🌡️ AnnealingN₂/H₂/vacuum/RTA 🎯 Ion ImplantationB/P/As/Al/N implant 🔶 CMP & GrindingCu CMP, 50µm thinning ✂️ DicingBlade, stealth laser 🧪 Wafer CleaningRCA, plasma, megasonic
Advanced Packaging
🔗 Wafer BondingHybrid, eutectic, fusion 📌 TSV FabricationHigh AR, void-free Cu fill 🔓 TSV RevealBackgrind → etch → CMP 🪟 TGV FabricationThrough-glass via 📐 RDL FabricationBCB/PBO/PI + damascene 📦 Packaging & AssemblyWire bond, flip-chip 📚 3D/2.5D PackagingTSV+RDL+UBM+C4 🥇 AuSn BumpPVD lift-off, fluxless 🧬 Biochip & MicrofluidicsGlass 500×600mm, NIL 🔆 SiPho PackagingTSV·RDL·UBM·C4 for PIC
Industries
🤖 AI & HPC PackagingCoWoS-style, 2.5D/3D 💎 Silicon PhotonicsSOI · AuSn · TSV interposer 🚗 AutomotiveMEMS sensors, SiC power 🧬 Life SciencesLab-on-chip, biosensors 🔭 All Industries → Request a Quote →
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Services & Industries
⚙️ Capabilities Overview
Substrates
🔷 Substrate & WafersSi, SiC, GaN, glass, sapphire 🔬 Fused Silica WafersQuartz · borosilicate · low CTE 🟣 PI Film & SUS Sensor FabRoll-to-roll · sensor patterning
Front-End
🎭 Mask FabricationGDS to chrome mask, DRC 📷 PhotolithographyE-beam 20 nm to 500×600 mm 🔬 NanoimprintingUV & thermal NIL 🫧 Thin Film DepositionPVD, CVD, ALD, MBE ⬆️ LiftoffMetal pattern · shadow mask ⚡ ElectroplatingCu TSV fill, DPC, LIGA 🌊 EtchingICP-RIE, DRIE >50:1 🔥 AnnealingN₂ / H₂ / vacuum / RTA ⚛️ Ion ImplantationB / P / As / Al / N implant 🔄 CMP & GrindingCu CMP, 50 µm thinning 💎 DicingBlade, stealth laser 🧪 Wafer CleaningRCA, plasma, megasonic
Advanced Packaging
🔗 Wafer BondingHybrid, eutectic, fusion 📌 TSV FabricationHigh AR, void-free Cu fill 👁️ TSV RevealBackgrind → etch → CMP 🪟 TGV FabricationThrough-glass via 🔀 RDL FabricationBCB / PBO / PI + damascene 📦 Packaging & AssemblyWire bond, flip-chip 📚 3D / 2.5D PackagingTSV + RDL + UBM + C4 🥇 AuSn BumpPVD lift-off, fluxless 🧬 Biochip & MicrofluidicsGlass 500×600 mm, NIL 🔆 SiPho PackagingTSV · RDL · UBM · C4 for PIC
Industries
🤖 AI & HPC PackagingCoWoS-style, 2.5D / 3D 💡 Silicon PhotonicsSOI · AuSn · TSV interposer 🚗 AutomotiveMEMS sensors, SiC power 🧬 Life SciencesLab-on-chip, biosensors 🔭 All Industries → Request a Quote →