Core Semiconductor Processes: Step 9

Ion
Implantation
Services

At Nanosystems JP Inc., we offer precision doping for SiC MOSFETs, GaN HEMTs, IGBTs, Ga₂O₃ power devices, and advanced MEMS. Implant energies from 0.1 keV to 100 MeV by machine class (plasma immersion below 1 keV; high energy on request), high-temperature implantation to 600°C, 60+ dopant species, pre-implant simulations, and rapid thermal annealing to 1800°C, all in one integrated flow.

Have full specs ready? Submit a detailed Technical RFQ →

SiC MOSFETGa₂O₃ GaN HEMT IGBT High-temp 600°C RTA 1800°C 60+ dopants 0.1 keV - 100 MeV by machine classup to 300mm Pre-implant simulation
600°C
Max implant
temperature (SiC/GaN)
1800°C
RTA max
temperature
60+
Dopant species
available
300mm
Max wafer
diameter
Typical sequence
Etching Deposition Implant RTA CMP
Nine Key Capabilities

Precision implantation for
every device type

Our ion implantation service is built around power device requirements, particularly the demanding needs of SiC and GaN, where standard room-temperature implantation is insufficient for proper crystal activation.

🌡️

High-Temperature Implantation

Elevated-temperature implantation is commonly used for high-dose SiC processes to limit implantation-induced lattice damage. The substrate temperature for SiC and GaN is selected according to ion species, dose, energy, and device requirements. We offer substrate heating to 600°C, essential for SiC MOSFET well implants and GaN HEMT isolation.

Up to 600°C SiC substrates GaN-on-Si / GaN-on-SiC
⚗️

Broad Dopant Selection

Over 60 dopant species available, covering all major n-type, p-type, and co-implant requirements across Si, SiC, GaN, GaAs, and Ga₂O₃. Rare species including Ca, Ba, La, Fe, Cr, and Sn available for advanced research and specialized device structures. Inquire for species not listed.

N H O P C As Ge Al Mg Si In Ca Ba He La Sn Cl B Ga Fe Cr + more 60+ species - inquire for others
📐

Versatile Wafer Compatibility

From small chips and 2-inch research samples to full 300mm production wafers. Handles all standard semiconductor substrates including Si, SiC, GaN, GaAs, InP, Ga₂O₃, sapphire, and glass. Tilt angles from 0° to 60° for channeling suppression or controlled channeling implants.

Chips & small pieces 2″ to 300mm wafers Si · SiC · GaN · GaAs · InP · Ga₂O₃ Tilt 0°-60°
🔥

Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA)

Post-implant activation annealing to 1800°C under Ar and N₂ atmospheres. Essential for activating Al, N, and B dopants in SiC, the highest-temperature step in power device fabrication.

Up to 1800°C Ar / N₂ atmosphere SiC activation anneal
💻

Pre-Implant Simulations

SRIM/TRIM or TCAD simulations before processing, where appropriate. We model dopant distribution, peak concentration, straggle, and damage profiles to confirm your doping requirements are achievable before any wafers are processed.

SRIM/TRIM simulation Dopant profile modeling Damage estimation
🧊

Carbon Cap Processing

Carbon cap deposition before high-temperature annealing prevents silicon evaporation and step bunching from SiC surfaces. Essential for maintaining sub-nm surface roughness (low RMS) after 1400°C+ anneals.

Carbon cap deposition Pre-anneal surface protection Low RMS surface finish

High-Energy & High-Concentration H

High-energy hydrogen implantation for layer separation (Smart Cut™-type processes), hydrogen-induced defect engineering, and high-concentration H for direct wafer bonding and SOI preparation. High-energy H⁺ isolation implant also used for VCSEL current aperture definition in photonic device fabrication.

High-energy H High-concentration H VCSEL isolation Layer separation / Smart Cut
🔌

Power Device Optimization

Process parameters optimized specifically for power semiconductor device fabrication, not standard CMOS profiles. Our engineers understand the unique electrical requirements of blocking junctions, channel implants, and ohmic contacts in SiC and GaN.

SiC MOSFET GaN HEMT IGBT / Bipolar
📊

Post-Implant Characterization

Electrical and physical verification after implantation, available as part of the service flow. Four-point probe sheet resistance mapping on activated monitor wafers gives an electrical check of uniformity; beam dose is controlled by the implanter and depth profiles by SIMS on request. Particle inspection and surface contamination checks included. SIMS depth profiling for dopant distribution confirmation on request. Process data reported with every lot before wafer release.

4-point probe Sheet resistance mapping Dose uniformity Particle inspection SIMS on request Data with every lot
Dopant Species

60+ dopant species -
the broad dopant selection

From standard n-type and p-type dopants for silicon to specialized implants for SiC activation and compound semiconductor isolation, all available. Inquire for additional species.

Available Dopants
N, H, O, P, C, As, Ge, Al, Mg, Si, In, Ca, Ba, He, La, Sn, Cl, B, Ga, Fe, Cr + more

Color coding: Key power device dopants   Compound semiconductor dopants   Standard & specialty

N
Nitrogen
SiC n-type well, GaN n-type layer isolation
Al
Aluminum
SiC p-type well, body region of SiC MOSFET
P
Phosphorus
Si n-type source/drain, lightly doped drain
As
Arsenic
Si n+ source/drain, shallow junction
Ge
Germanium
Pre-amorphization, SiGe strain engineering
Si
Silicon
GaAs n-type doping, deep junction
Mg
Magnesium
GaN p-type doping for p-GaN gate layer
In
Indium
Channel and defect engineering (development)
H
Hydrogen
Layer transfer, passivation, Smart Cut™
He
Helium
Carrier lifetime control, defect engineering
O
Oxygen
SIMOX (buried oxide), substrate isolation
C
Carbon
SiGe:C transistors, diffusion suppression
Sn
Tin
SnO₂ TCO doping, isoelectronic trap
Ca
Calcium
Research implants, oxide modification
Ba
Barium
Gate dielectric engineering, research
La
Lanthanum
High-k dielectric modification, CMOS
Cl
Chlorine
Gate oxide passivation, interface trap reduction
B
Boron
Si p-type well, PMOS source/drain
Ga
Gallium
Si p-type, GaAs doping, research
+more
Other species
Contact us for availability of additional dopants
Device-Specific Flows

Implantation processes optimized
for power semiconductor devices

Ion implantation for SiC and GaN devices requires fundamentally different process parameters than standard CMOS. Our flows are tuned for the high-temperature requirements and precise doping profiles these devices demand.

SiC MOSFET

Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET: 4H-SiC

SiC MOSFETs require multiple implant steps at elevated temperatures because room-temperature implantation creates amorphous damage layers that cannot be recovered by annealing. Hot implantation (400-600°C) maintains crystallinity through each step.

1
N-well / drift layer definition: Nitrogen (N) implant at 400-600°C for n-type background doping
Post-implant verification
Sheet resistance, dose uniformity, particle scan
4-point probe mapping and surface inspection; SIMS profiling on request
2
P-body implant: Aluminum (Al) implant at 400-600°C, defines the channel and blocking junction
3
N+ source implant: Nitrogen (N) high-dose implant for ohmic source contact
4
P+ ohmic contact implant: Al high-dose for p-side ohmic contact formation
5
Carbon cap + RTA at 1400-1800°C: Activates all implanted dopants; carbon cap prevents surface degradation
CRITICAL ADVANTAGE

High-temperature implantation (600°C) + carbon cap + 1800°C RTA in one coordinated flow, available as one project.

GaN HEMT

Gallium Nitride HEMT, GaN-on-Si / GaN-on-SiC

GaN HEMT fabrication uses ion implantation primarily for device isolation, a fluorine or nitrogen implant converts conducting GaN into semi-insulating material, defining the active device area without mesa etching (which improves device reliability).

1
Mesa isolation by implant: N+ or multi-energy implant creates deep isolation without etching-induced surface damage
2
Mg implantation into GaN: Mg implantation available for research and process-development programs evaluating implanted p-type regions (production p-GaN gates are normally epitaxial)
3
Si n-type ohmic regions: Silicon implant defines n+ contact regions for source/drain ohmics
4
Post-implant anneal: annealing for implanted Mg is reviewed as a process-development task; the 700-1000°C range refers to hydrogen depassivation of epitaxial Mg-doped GaN, not a general implanted-Mg activation process
KEY DIFFERENTIATOR

Implant isolation eliminates the reliability issues of dry-etched mesa sidewalls, a best-practice approach for high-voltage GaN power devices.

Also Supported
IGBT & Silicon Power Devices

Standard and power silicon device implantation flows, p-well, n-well, n+ emitter, p+ collector implants for IGBT structures. Also: base and emitter implants for bipolar transistors, LDMOS source/drain/body, and deep n-well for CMOS isolation.

IGBT
P+ collector, N-drift, P-body, N+ emitter, full IGBT implant flow
LDMOS
P-body, N+ drain, P+ body contact, for RF and power management
BIPOLAR
Base, emitter, buried layer, for BJT and HBT device structures
Pre-Implant Simulations

Simulate before
you implant

Every implant run at Nanosystems JP Inc. is preceded by a detailed simulation of the doping profile. This catches problems before wafers are processed, saving time and cost on expensive SiC and GaN substrates.

What we simulate

SRIM/TRIM + TCAD
dopant profile modeling

Peak dopant concentration vs depth
Longitudinal straggle (ΔRp)
Lateral straggle for mask edge effects
Damage profile, amorphization check
Multi-energy box profile design
Multiple implant step optimization
Simulation report provided before first wafer is processed. Enables you to confirm your doping requirements match the equipment's achievable range.
Rapid Thermal Annealing

RTA to 1800°C SiC activation

The activation anneal is the final, and most demanding, step in the power device implant flow. We provide integrated RTA so your implanted wafers never leave the cleanroom between implant and anneal.

1800°C
Max RTA temperature
Ar / N₂ atmosphere
Standard silicon activation: 900-1100°C. SiC dopant activation: 1400-1800°C. GaN: hydrogen depassivation of epitaxial Mg-doped layers at 700-1000°C; activation of implanted Mg is a development topic reviewed per program. All handled in the same RTA system.
Si / IGBT
900-1100°C, N₂, B, P, As activation
GaN HEMT
700-1000°C, N₂; depassivation of epitaxial Mg-doped GaN (implanted-Mg activation reviewed per program)
SiC MOSFET
1400-1800°C, Ar + C cap, Al, N activation
Technical Specifications

Complete ion implantation
process parameters

ParameterSpecificationNotes
Wafer sizesSamples and pieces; 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mm wafersNon-standard sizes on request
Substrate materialsSi, SiC, GaN, GaAs, InP, Ga₂O₃, Sapphire, Glass, InGaAsAll standard semiconductor substrates including ultra-wide bandgap
Implant temperatureRoom temperature to 600°C (hot implantation)Elevated temperature selected per material, species, and dose (typical for high-dose SiC)
Dopant speciesB, P, As, BF₂, Al, N, H, O, C, Ge, Mg, Si, In, Ca, Ba, He, La, Sn, Cl, Ga, Fe, Cr + more60+ species available; inquire for others
Dose range1×10¹⁰ to 1×10¹⁷ cm⁻²Multiple energies for box profiles; high-dose ohmic and threshold adjust both supported
Energy range0.1 keV to 100 MeVPlasma immersion (PIII) below 1 keV; medium and high current in the keV range; high-energy implantation to 100 MeV on request (ion species dependent)
Machine classesMedium current, high current, high energy, plasma immersion (PIII)Selected per species, dose, energy, and profile; dose range and uniformity depend on the class
Patterned wafersPhotoresist and hard-mask patterned wafers acceptedResist thickness reviewed against implant energy and species
Wafers with existing metalReviewed case by caseMetal-free wafers are preferred for implantation and the anneals that follow; metallized wafers are evaluated before acceptance
Tilt angle0° - 60°Suppresses channeling for standard implants; controlled channeling available for deep retrograde profiles
Pre-implant simulationSRIM/TRIM dopant profile modeling includedProfile report before processing
RTA max temperature1800°CAr and N₂ atmospheres
Post-implant verificationSheet resistance (4-probe), dose uniformity, particle countReturned with wafer and process data report
Beam parallelism±0.5° or betterCritical for sub-micron device uniformity; parallel beam architecture
Carbon cap processingAvailableRequired for SiC anneals >1400°C
SiC activation anneal1400-1800°CAl and N activation for SiC MOSFET wells
GaN activation anneal700-1000°CMg p-type activation for GaN p-gate
Surface roughnessLow RMS achieved with carbon cap processCritical for gate oxide quality on SiC
Applications

Where our ion implantation
is being used

SiC Power MOSFETs

Complete implant flow for 4H-SiC MOSFET fabrication, p-body, n+ source, p+ ohmic, plus 1800°C activation RTA with carbon cap. For EV inverters, industrial drives, and solar converters.

N, Al, P implant · 600°C hot implant · 1800°C RTA
📡

GaN HEMT & Power Devices

Implant isolation, Mg p-type gate, Si n-type ohmic contacts. E-mode (enhancement mode) GaN transistors for 5G RF and automotive power conversion.

N isolation · Mg p-gate · Si n-ohmic · RTA 700-1000°C
🔲

IGBT & Bipolar Devices

P+ collector, N-drift, P-body, N+ emitter implants for IGBT fabrication. Base and emitter implants for bipolar transistors used in automotive and industrial power systems.

B, P, As implant · 900-1100°C RTA
🧲

MEMS Sensors & Actuators

Piezoresistor implants for pressure sensors (boron in silicon), buried p+ stops for SOI MEMS, sacrificial layer doping, and polysilicon gate doping for capacitive sensors.

B piezoresistor · P n-well · SOI buried stop
🔄

SOI & Layer Transfer

High-energy, high-concentration H implantation for Smart Cut™-type SOI substrate preparation. Hydrogen bubble layer formation at precise depth for layer separation and wafer bonding.

H high-energy · High-concentration H · Layer transfer
💎

Compound Semiconductor Devices

GaAs and InP device isolation by implantation, HBT base/emitter doping, InGaAs channel implants for photodetectors, and GaN-on-Si substrate engineering.

GaAs/InP isolation · HBT doping · InGaAs engineering
Why Nanosystems JP Inc.

What makes our ion implantation
capability different

Most foundries offer standard room-temperature silicon implantation. What sets us apart is our ability to handle the complete power device implant flow, including the high-temperature steps and post-implant annealing that SiC and GaN devices demand.

01

Hot implantation for SiC/GaN

600°C substrate heating during implantation, a capability most foundries lack. Hot implantation significantly reduces accumulated lattice damage during high-dose SiC implantation and widens the activation and surface-quality process window.

02

1800°C RTA

The highest-temperature process step in SiC device fabrication is performed within the same coordinated project. The implant and activation anneal steps are scheduled as one sequence.

03

60+ dopants ready immediately

We stock over 60 dopant species including rare ones (Ca, Ba, La, Cl) not available at standard foundries. No lead time to source new dopant materials.

04

Pre-implant simulation included

Every project includes a simulation run, not as an extra charge but as standard. This is how we assess whether the requested doping profile is compatible with the proposed implant conditions before a wafer is loaded.

05

From 1 wafer, no minimum lot

Power device R&D and prototyping doesn't need 25-wafer lots. We process single wafers and small batches, making us accessible for academic research, startups, and low-volume production alike.

06

Integrated with full process flow

Ion implantation is followed directly by our etching, deposition, CMP, and bonding services. Single continuous handling, lower contamination risk, no project coordination overhead.

Next in your fabrication flow

CMP & Wafer Grinding: After ion implantation and RTA, chemical mechanical polishing planarizes the surface, removing the carbon cap layer and preparing for subsequent metallization and contact formation.

CMP & Grinding →
Also frequently combined with

Annealing: For dopant redistribution, oxide densification, and ohmic contact formation after implantation. Furnace annealing for longer anneal times and batch processing.

Annealing →

Start your project.
Initial response within one business day.

Share your process requirements, substrate, and production volume. A Nanosystems JP Inc. engineer will give an initial response within one business day. Full quote typically within 7-10 business days, subject to project complexity and NDA requirements.

To speed up technical review, please include:
substrate type & size  ·  target process  ·  quantity  ·  timeline  ·  design files if available (not required for first review)

[email protected] · +81-3-5288-5569 · NDA available · Pre-implant simulation included with every project

Ready to discuss this process?
Technical review typically within one business day. NDA available.
Request a Quote →
All Services
Full process flow →
Substrates
Substrate & WafersSi, SiC, GaN, glass, sapphire Fused Silica WafersQuartz · borosilicate · low CTE PI Film & SUS Sensor FabRoll-to-roll · sensor patterning
Front-End
Mask FabricationGDS to chrome mask, DRC PhotolithographyE-beam 20nm to 500×600mm NanoimprintingUV & thermal NIL Thin Film DepositionPVD, CVD, ALD, MBE LiftoffMetal pattern · shadow mask ElectroplatingCu TSV fill, DPC, LIGA EtchingICP-RIE, DRIE >50:1 AnnealingN₂/H₂/vacuum/RTA Ion ImplantationB/P/As/Al/N implant CMP & GrindingCu CMP, 50µm thinning DicingBlade, stealth laser Wafer CleaningRCA, plasma, megasonic
Advanced Packaging
Wafer BondingHybrid, eutectic, fusion TSV FabricationHigh AR, void-free Cu fill TSV RevealBackgrind → etch → CMP TGV FabricationThrough-glass via RDL FabricationBCB/PBO/PI + damascene Packaging & AssemblyWire bond, flip-chip 📚 3D/2.5D PackagingTSV+RDL+UBM+C4 AuSn BumpPVD lift-off, fluxless Indium BumpEvap lift-off · cryo/quantum UBM DepositionTi/Pt/Au · adhesion-barrier-Au Gold BumpEvap & plated · Au-Au TC AuGe / AuSi356/363°C eutectic die attach High-Pb Bumps95Pb5Sn · hi-rel C4 SLID / TLPCu/Sn · Au/In · Ag/In Al-Ge Sealing424°C · CMOS-friendly MEMS Ohmic ContactsGaAs · GaN · RTA + TLM Cryo & UHV MetallizationAuSn · Ti/Pd/Au · seal rings Optical AccessWindows · meshes · thru-holes MEMS Vapor CellsDRIE + bond · unfilled bodies Thin-Film-on-InsulatorQuartz-on-Si · LNOI Biochip & MicrofluidicsGlass 500×600mm, NIL SiPho PackagingTSV·RDL·UBM·C4 for PIC
Industries
AI & HPC PackagingCoWoS-style, 2.5D/3D Silicon PhotonicsSOI · AuSn · TSV interposer Quantum TechnologyIon traps · vapor cells · TFOI AutomotiveMEMS sensors, SiC power Life SciencesLab-on-chip, biosensors All Industries → Request a Quote →
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Services & Industries
Capabilities Overview
Substrates
Substrate & WafersSi, SiC, GaN, glass, sapphire Fused Silica WafersQuartz · borosilicate · low CTE PI Film & SUS Sensor FabRoll-to-roll · sensor patterning
Front-End
Mask FabricationGDS to chrome mask, DRC PhotolithographyE-beam 20 nm to 500×600 mm NanoimprintingUV & thermal NIL Thin Film DepositionPVD, CVD, ALD, MBE TFT & BackplaneIGZO · Glass · Display LiftoffMetal pattern · shadow mask ElectroplatingCu TSV fill, DPC, LIGA EtchingICP-RIE, DRIE >50:1 Microchannel CoolingEtched, bonded, heater test chips AnnealingN₂ / H₂ / vacuum / RTA Ion ImplantationB / P / As / Al / N implant CMP & GrindingCu CMP, 50 µm thinning Patterned Test WafersCustom CMP and process evaluation wafers DicingBlade, stealth laser Wafer CleaningRCA, plasma, megasonic
Advanced Packaging
Wafer BondingHybrid, eutectic, fusion TSV FabricationHigh AR, void-free Cu fill TSV RevealBackgrind → etch → CMP TGV FabricationThrough-glass via Glass TGV CouponsHole-only to routed prototypes RDL FabricationBCB / PBO / PI + damascene Packaging & AssemblyWire bond, flip-chip 3D / 2.5D PackagingTSV + RDL + UBM + C4 AuSn BumpPVD lift-off, fluxless Laser SubmountsSi/AlN submounts, optical benches Indium BumpEvap lift-off · cryo/quantum UBM DepositionTi/Pt/Au · adhesion-barrier-Au Cu Pillar & SnAg BumpingPillars with SnAg caps, SnAg bumps Gold BumpEvap & plated · Au-Au TC AuGe / AuSi356/363°C eutectic die attach High-Pb Bumps95Pb5Sn · hi-rel C4 SLID / TLPCu/Sn · Au/In · Ag/In Al-Ge Sealing424°C · CMOS-friendly MEMS Ohmic ContactsGaAs · GaN · RTA + TLM Cryo / UHV MetalAuSn · Ti/Pd/Au · rings Optical AccessWindows · meshes · holes Vapor CellsDRIE + bond · unfilled TFOI WafersQuartz-on-Si · LNOI Biochip & MicrofluidicsGlass 500×600 mm, NIL SiPho PackagingTSV · RDL · UBM · C4 for PIC
Industries
AI & HPC PackagingCoWoS-style, 2.5D / 3D Silicon PhotonicsSOI · AuSn · TSV interposer AutomotiveMEMS sensors, SiC power Life SciencesLab-on-chip, biosensors All Industries → Request a Quote →